Translatable outer tube for sealing using shielded lap chole dissector

ABSTRACT

Aspects of the present disclosure are presented for a surgical instrument for cutting and sealing tissue. In some embodiments, the surgical instrument includes a handle assembly, a shaft, and an end effector. The end effector may include: a blade that vibrates at an ultrasonic frequency, a shielded portion enclosing a back edge of the blade, a high-friction surface coupled to the shielded portion and positioned between the shielded portion and the back edge of the blade. A space is defined between the high-friction surface and the back edge of the blade when the end effector is in a cutting configuration. In a sealing configuration, the high-friction surface contacts the back edge of the blade, which generates heat based on ultrasonic vibrations of the blade rubbing against the high-friction surface. The shielded portion can coagulate bleeding tissue based on heat transfer from the high-friction surface to the shielded portion.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure is related generally to medical devices with various mechanisms for cutting and sealing tissue. In particular, the present disclosure is related to medical devices with a translatable outer tube for sealing using a shielded dissector, suitably for performing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

BACKGROUND

When performing a cholecystectomy, it is preferable, where practicable, to conduct the operation laparoscopically, rather than performing the open procedure. While being less invasive and less potentially damaging to the patient, performing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy offers additional challenges for the surgeon. In general, it is desirable to provide a surgeon with instruments for optimally performing laparoscopic procedures that involve dissection and/or removal of various tissue, while also guarding against any potential unwanted bleeding.

While several devices have been made and used, it is believed that no one prior to the inventors has made or used the device described in the appended claims.

BRIEF SUMMARY

In some embodiments, an end effector of a surgical instrument is provided.

1. In one example, the end effector may include: a blade having a cutting edge configured to dissect and coagulate tissue and a back edge, the blade is configured to couple to an ultrasonic waveguide and configured to vibrate at ultrasonic frequency to dissect and coagulate the tissue, a shielded portion enclosing the back edge of the blade; a high-friction surface coupled to the shielded portion and positioned between the shielded portion and the back edge of the blade, wherein a space is defined between the high-friction surface and the back edge of the blade when the end effector is configured into a dissecting configuration; wherein, when the end effector is configured into a sealing configuration, the high-friction surface contacts the back edge of the blade and is configured to generate heat by frictionally coupling the ultrasonic vibrations of the blade to the high-friction surface, and wherein the shielded portion is configured to coagulate tissue by coupling heat from the high-friction surface to the tissue.

2. In another example, the end effector further comprises at least one low-friction surface coupled to the shielded portion and positioned alongside a lateral edge of the blade, the low-friction surface configured to permit ultrasonic vibration of the blade upon contacting the low-friction surface based on a lateral movement of the blade.

3. In another example of the end effector, the shaft further comprises a fulcrum component configured to couple to an ultrasonic waveguide positioned within a shaft.

4. In another example of the end effector, the fulcrum is positioned at a node based on a frequency of the ultrasonic vibrations.

5. In another example, the end effector further comprises a protective hood coupled to the shielded portion and covering at least a portion of the distal end of the blade.

6. In another example, the end effector further comprises an indentation grooved into a proximal end of the shielded portion and configured to flexibly enable the shielded portion to bend upon applying a force against the side of the shielded portion opposite the position of the blade.

7. In another example, the end effector further comprises a sliding mechanism configured to slide the shielded portion and the blade in and out of the end effector.

8. In another example of the end effector, the shielded portion is further configured to rotate around the blade such that the high-friction surface is configured to touch the back edge of the blade in a first rotational configuration and the high-friction surface is configured to touch the cutting edge of the blade in a second rotational configuration.

9. In some embodiments, a surgical instrument is presented. The surgical instrument includes: a handle assembly; an ultrasonic transducer configured to produce ultrasonic vibrations; a shaft coupled to the handle assembly, and an end effector. The shaft comprises: an ultrasonic waveguide coupled to the ultrasonic transducer and configured to vibrate at an ultrasonic frequency; and a slidable lever configured to slide back and forth within the shaft. The end effector comprises: a blade having a cutting edge configured to cut tissue and a back edge, the blade coupled to the ultrasonic waveguide and configured to vibrate at the ultrasonic frequency to cut the tissue; and a heating pad comprising a high-friction surface enclosing a portion of the blade or the ultrasonic waveguide and coupled to the slidable lever. A space is defined between the high-friction surface and the blade or the ultrasonic waveguide when the end effector is configured into a cutting configuration. When the end effector is configured into a sealing configuration, the slidable lever is configured to slide proximally toward the handle assembly, causing the high-friction surface to contact the blade or the ultrasonic waveguide. The high-friction surface is configured to generate heat by frictionally coupling ultrasonic vibrations from the blade or the ultrasonic waveguide contacting the high-friction surface, and wherein the back edge of the blade is configured to coagulate tissue based on heat transfer from the high-friction surface to the back edge.

10. In another example of the surgical instrument, the handle assembly further comprises a power button configured to control a time duration of the sealing configuration that limits an amount of time that the high-friction surface generates heat via the ultrasonic vibrations of the blade or the ultrasonic waveguide.

11. In another example of the surgical instrument, the power button is communicably coupled to the slidable lever and is further configured to slide the slidable lever proximally toward the handle assembly when the power button is pressed.

12. In another example of the surgical instrument, the handle assembly further comprises: an activation sled coupled to the power button and configured to slide proximally, perpendicular to the direction of the power button as the power button is pressed down; an activation magnet coupled to the activation end; a processor; and a sensor communicably coupled to the processor and positioned near the activation magnet. When the activation sled is slid proximally based on the power button being pressed, the activation magnet is configured to move sufficiently close to the sensor to activate the sensor and cause the sensor to trigger a timing procedure in the processor that limits the amount of time that the high-friction surface generates heat.

13. In another example of the surgical instrument, the handle assembly comprises a second button communicably coupled to the slidable lever and configured to slide the slidable lever when the second button is pressed down.

14. In another example of the surgical instrument, the shaft further comprises a fulcrum component coupled to the ultrasonic waveguide and positioned within the shaft, wherein the ultrasonic waveguide is fastened within the shaft by the fulcrum at a distal end from the handle assembly and is otherwise suspended within the shaft.

15. In another example of the surgical instrument, the fulcrum is positioned at a distance away from the handle assembly equal to a harmonic node based on a frequency of the ultrasonic vibrations of the ultrasonic waveguide.

16. In another example of the surgical instrument, the handle assembly further comprises a sliding mechanism. The slidable lever is coupled to the sliding mechanism on a proximal end of the slidable lever and coupled to the shielded portion on a distal end of the slidable lever. A proximal end of the shielded portion is fastened to a base at a proximal end of the blade via a rotatable hinge. The shielded portion is configured to be controlled based on manipulation of the sliding mechanism via the slideable lever and a pivot caused by the fastening of the rotatable hinge.

17. In some embodiments, a second surgical instrument is presented. The second surgical instrument comprises: a handle assembly; an ultrasonic transducer; a shaft coupled to the handle assembly, the shaft comprising: an ultrasonic waveguide configured to vibrate at an ultrasonic frequency; and a rotatable inner tube configured to rotate within the shaft; and an end effector. The end effector comprises: a blade having a cutting edge configured to cut tissue and a back edge, the blade coupled to the ultrasonic waveguide and configured to vibrate at the ultrasonic frequency to cut the tissue; a rotatable member coupled to the rotatable inner tube; a shielded portion coupled to the rotatable member and enclosing the back edge of the blade; a high-friction surface coupled to the shielded portion and positioned between the shielded portion and the back edge of the blade. There is a space between the high-friction surface and the back edge of the blade when the end effector is configured into a cutting configuration. When the end effector is configured into a sealing configuration, the shielded portion is rotated onto the blade based on rotation of the rotatable inner tube, such that the high-friction surface touches the back edge of the blade and is configured to generate heat based on ultrasonic vibrations of the blade rubbing against the high-friction surface, and wherein the shielded portion is configured to coagulate tissue based on heat transfer from the high-friction surface to the shielded portion.

18. In another example of the second surgical instrument, the end effector is configured to slide into and out of a trocar when the end effector is configured into the sealing configuration, and the end effector is configured to not slide into or out of the trocar when the end effector is configured into the cutting configuration, based on the rotatable member being rotated beyond the shape of the end effector.

19. In another example of the second surgical instrument, the rotatable inner tube comprises a cam positioned at a distal end of the rotatable inner tube; and the rotatable member comprises a knob positioned at a proximal end of the rotatable member such that the knob fastens into the cam of the rotatable inner tube.

20. In another example of the second surgical instrument, the rotatable member comprises an axle positioned at an outer edge of the rotatable member, wherein the axle is coupled to an anchor affixed to an outer edge of the end effector, such that the rotatable member is configured to rotate based on rotational movement of the cam, using the position of the axle as a center axis of rotation for the rotatable member.

The foregoing summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features will become apparent by reference to the drawings and the following detailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The novel features of the embodiments described herein are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The embodiments, however, both as to organization and methods of operation may be better understood by reference to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings as follows.

FIG. 1 shows an example system including a medical instrument used to cut and seal tissue, suitably in a lap chole operation, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 2 shows a more detailed view of the end effector of the medical instrument, including an example assembly having the blade instrument and other components to comprise the sealing mechanism, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 3 shows another angle of the example end effector, including the blade and sealing assembly, from a different angle.

FIG. 4 shows an application of the end effector when the blade is configured to heat the shielded portion for sealing tissue, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 5 shows additional details for how the ultrasonic vibration operation of the blade is implemented, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 6 shows a variation of the end effector having a protective hood, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 7 shows another variation of the end effector having an indentation to the shielded portion, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 8A shows another variation of the end effector having a sleeve mechanism for sliding the blade and sealing assembly into the end effector, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 8B shows an example of how the blade and sealing assembly may be slid into the end effector, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 9 shows yet another variation of the sealing assembly, this time having multiple operational mechanical parts, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 10A shows yet another variation for a cutting and sealing assembly at the distal end of the end effector, this time including a asymmetrical shaped blade and a multi-part sealing assembly, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 10B shows additional features of the handle assembly operating the electromechanical sealing mechanism described in FIG. 10A, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 10C provides one example of how the sealing assembly described in FIG. 10A may be utilized, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 10D shows some of the inner workings of the power button and associated mechanical buttons for manipulating the sealing assembly described in FIG. 10A, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 10E shows how the button assembly is ultimately connected to the sealing assembly at the distal end of the shaft, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 10F shows a portion of the mechanical and electrical components of the button assembly used to control the sealing assembly, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 11A shows yet another variation of the blade and sealing assembly, this time including a rotatable sealing assembly, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 11B shows the rotatable sealing assembly rotated in a second configuration having the high friction surface positioned above the blade, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 12A shows yet another variation of the blade and sealing assembly, this time including a rotating cam mechanism that applies the high friction surface to the blade in a rotational manner that does not require bending or pressing of the blade, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 12B shows a transparent review of the stationary body and some of the mechanical parts used to connect with the rotating member, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 12C shows a transparent view of the rotating body, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 12D shows the original open position of the rotating body.

FIG. 12E shows a contrast of what happens when the rotating innertube is rotated to form a closed position of the rotating body.

FIGS. 12F, 12G, and 12H show additional views of the blade and sealing assembly having the rotating member variation, according to some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof. In the drawings, similar symbols and reference characters typically identify similar components throughout the several views, unless context dictates otherwise. The illustrative embodiments described in the detailed description, drawings, and claims are not meant to be limiting. Other embodiments may be utilized, and other changes may be made, without departing from the scope of the subject matter presented here.

The following description of certain examples of the technology should not be used to limit its scope. Other examples, features, aspects, embodiments, and advantages of the technology will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description, which is by way of illustration, one of the best modes contemplated for carrying out the technology. As will be realized, the technology described herein is capable of other different and obvious aspects, all without departing from the technology. Accordingly, the drawings and descriptions should be regarded as illustrative in nature and not restrictive.

It is further understood that any one or more of the teachings, expressions, embodiments, examples, etc. described herein may be combined with any one or more of the other teachings, expressions, embodiments, examples, etc. that are described herein. The following-described teachings, expressions, embodiments, examples, etc. should therefore not be viewed in isolation relative to each other. Various suitable ways in which the teachings herein may be combined will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the teachings herein. Such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the claims.

Also, in the following description, it is to be understood that terms such as front, back, inside, outside, top, bottom and the like are words of convenience and are not to be construed as limiting terms. Terminology used herein is not meant to be limiting insofar as devices described herein, or portions thereof, may be attached or utilized in other orientations. The various embodiments will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings. Throughout this disclosure, the term “proximal” is used to describe the side of a component, e.g., a shaft, a handle assembly, etc., closer to a user operating the surgical instrument, e.g., a surgeon, and the term “distal” is used to describe the side of the component further from the user operating the surgical instrument.

Aspects of the present disclosure are presented for a surgical instrument configured for cutting and sealing tissue using an ultrasonic dissecting blade. A common use of the surgical instrument presented herein includes performing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, often referred to as a lap chole. A laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the surgical removal of the gallbladder from the liver bed, whereby the patient is operated on through a series of several small incisions in the abdomen to allow insertion of small cylindrical tubes, through which surgical instruments and video camera are placed into the abdominal cavity. It is a common treatment of symptomatic gallstones and other gallbladder conditions. A lap chole typically is the preferred procedure over an open cholecystectomy for treatment of gallstones and inflammation of the gallbladder, unless there are contraindications to the laparoscopic approach. This is because the open procedure tends to leave the patient more prone to infection, and recovery time for the patient tends to be longer.

To perform a lap chole, typically, the surgeon inflates the abdominal cavity with carbon dioxide to create a working space. A camera is placed into the cavity through an incision (a “port”) typically made at the umbilicus. Additional ports may be opened at various other places around the patient's abdomen. One or more instruments may grasp the gallbladder through one of the additional ports, while another instrument is used to dissect the gallbladder away from the liver bed. The gallbladder may then be removed through one of the ports. Ideally, the liver is not cut or damaged during this procedure, but a surgeon has to be prepared for the possibility that some bleeding may occur at the liver or other nearby organs. Therefore, it is desirable for a medical instrument to have cutting means as well as sealing means, whereby both functionalities can be immediately available to the surgeon during the procedure. For example, it would be desirable for a single medical instrument to have both cutting and sealing means, in order to eliminate the need for multiple medical instruments or to have a single medical instrument be removed in order for another to take its place.

Overall, the laparoscopic approach is less invasive and preferred over the open procedure when it is practicable to do so, but certainly comes with more challenges for the surgeon to complete the procedure. For example, the surgeon has limited space to maneuver any surgical device, being confined to utilize the device through merely a small incision into the patient. In addition, this limits the number of medical instruments that can be applied to the surgical site at any one time. Furthermore, it is desirable for a medical instrument to be specially designed to perform a lap chole, based on the particular anatomy of this procedure. That is, the surgical site of a lap chole always involves the dissection of the gallbladder away from the liver bed, such that it is permissible for one side of the surgical site to be damaged (i.e., the gallbladder), while the opposite side (i.e., the liver bed) should not be cut or damaged, and in fact extra care should be taken to immediately seal or coagulate any wounds or unexpected bleeding that may occur to the liver or surrounding organs.

For at least these reasons, aspects of the present disclosure are presented for a medical instrument and system configured to cut and seal tissue, and suitably designed for dissecting the gallbladder in a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. For example, in some embodiments, the medical instrument may include a long, narrow shaft suitable for being inserted into a small incision of the patient via a trocar. On the distal end of the shaft is an end effector that includes a blade suitable for dissecting tissue, as well as sealing means for coagulating or sealing tissue. This medical instrument may perform both functions through ultrasonic vibrations of the blade instrument. In some embodiments, the blade may be pressed against a high friction surface that causes heat due to the ultrasonic vibrations of the blade. A shielded portion of the blade may heat up due to the heat transfer from the high friction surface, which may be used to coagulate tissue by pressing the shielded portion against the bleeding tissue. Various example designs of the medical instrument configured to perform these functionalities are presented herein and are described in further detail according to the following figures.

Referring to FIG. 1, illustration 100 shows an example system including a medical instrument used to cut and seal tissue, suitably in a lap chole operation, according to some embodiments. As shown, the example medical system includes an example medical instrument 105 coupled via a cable to a control center 110. The example control center 110 may be configured to supply power to the medical instrument 105, as well as provide various diagnostic information available for reading by the surgeon and/or his team. The control center 100 may include a power cable to be plugged into a power outlet, as well as a foot switch 112 configured to modulate the amount of power to be supplied to the medical instrument 105. For example, the medical instrument 105 may be configured to operate a blade at the end effector 130 via ultrasonic vibrations, and the foot switch 112 can be pressed to modify the frequency of the ultrasonic vibrations, in some embodiments. This configuration may give the surgeon an optimal degree of freedom by allowing the surgeon to use his hands for other tasks during the operation, such as operating the medical instrument 105.

In addition, the example control center 110 may include an ultrasonic generator, e.g., a power supply and control logic, connected via cable to an ultrasonic transducer within the casing of the handle assembly 120, not shown, for enabling the medical instrument 105 to operate using ultrasonic vibrations. In some applications, the ultrasonic transducer is referred to as a “hand piece assembly” because the medical instrument 105 is configured such that a surgeon may grasp and manipulate the ultrasonic transducer during various procedures and operations. Example generators include the GEN04 (also referred to as Generator 300) or GEN11 sold by Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. of Cincinnati, Ohio. An example transducer is disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/545,784, filed on Oct. 10, 2006, titled MEDICAL ULTRASOUND SYSTEM AND HANDPIECE AND METHODS FOR MAKING AND TUNING, the contents which are incorporated by reference herein.

In some embodiments, the medical instrument 105 includes a other features. For example, the medical instrument 105 may include a handle assembly 120 at the proximal end. The handle assembly 120 may be ergonomically designed to suitably fit a surgeon's hand. As shown, the handle assembly 120 is shaped cylindrically, while in other cases the handle assembly 120 may be designed in a pistol grip manner or other suitable shape conventionally used for medical procedures, and embodiments not so limited. In some embodiments, the handle assembly 120 may include a power switch 122 that may be pressed to perform the sealing mechanism. In addition, the handle assembly 120 may also include a sliding button 124 to slide back and forth the blade at the distal end of the surgical instrument 105. In some embodiments, a rotating knob 126 may also be included to allow for a portion of the surgical instrument 105 to be rotated. The handle assembly 120 may be coupled to a long and narrow shaft 128, which may be designed to fit into a trocar, which can be inserted into a port of the patient to perform the lap chole procedure. On the distal end of the shaft 128 is the end effector 130, which includes the blade and sealing instruments in an integrated assembly 132. Within the shaft may be included an ultrasonic waveguide (see FIG. 5), coupled to the ultrasonic transducer on the proximal end and the blade on the distal end, configured to vibrate at an ultrasonic frequency.

The ultrasonic transducer and the ultrasonic waveguide together provide an acoustic assembly of the present surgical system in illustration 100, with the acoustic assembly providing ultrasonic energy for surgical procedures when powered by a generator, which may be controlled by the foot switch 112. The acoustic assembly of the medical instrument 105 generally includes a first acoustic portion and a second acoustic portion. In some embodiments, the first acoustic portion comprises the ultrasonically active portions of the ultrasonic transducer, and the second acoustic portion comprises the ultrasonically active portions of a transmission assembly. Further, in some embodiments, the distal end of the first acoustic portion is operatively coupled to the proximal end of the second acoustic portion by, for example, a threaded connection.

The handle assembly 120 may also be adapted to isolate the operator from the vibrations of the acoustic assembly contained within transducer. The handle assembly 120 can be shaped to be held by a user in a conventional manner. In some embodiments, the present ultrasonic medical instrument 105 is designed to be grasped and manipulated in a scissor-like arrangement provided by the handle assembly 120 of the instrument, as will be described. While the multi-piece handle assembly 120 is illustrated, the handle assembly 120 may comprise a single or unitary component. The proximal end of the ultrasonic medical instrument 105 receives and is fitted to the distal end of the ultrasonic transducer by insertion of the transducer into the handle assembly 120. The ultrasonic medical instrument 105 may be attached to and removed from the ultrasonic transducer as a unit.

The handle assembly 120 may be constructed from a durable plastic, such as polycarbonate or a liquid crystal polymer. It is also contemplated that the handle assembly 120 may alternatively be made from a variety of materials including other plastics, ceramics or metals. Traditional unfilled thermoplastics, however, have a thermal conductivity of only about 0.20 W/m° K. (Watt/meter-° Kelvin). In order to improve heat dissipation from the instrument, the handle assembly may be constructed from heat conducting thermoplastics, such as high heat resistant resins liquid crystal polymer (LCP), Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS), Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and Polysulfone having thermal conductivity in the range of 20-100 W/m° K. PEEK resin is a thermoplastics filled with aluminum nitride or boron nitride, which are not electrically conductive. The thermally conductive resin helps to manage the heat within smaller instruments.

The transmission assembly within the handle assembly 120, not shown, includes an ultrasonic waveguide and a blade (see, e.g., FIGS. 2 and 5). In some applications, the transmission assembly is sometimes referred to as a “blade assembly.” The ultrasonic waveguide, which is adapted to transmit ultrasonic energy from transducer to the tip of blade, may be flexible, semi-flexible or rigid. The waveguide may also be configured to amplify the mechanical vibrations transmitted through the waveguide to the blade as is well known in the art. The waveguide may further have features to control the gain of the longitudinal vibration along the waveguide and features to tune the waveguide to the resonance frequency of the system. In particular, the waveguide may have any suitable cross-sectional dimension. For example, the waveguide may have a substantially uniform cross-section or the waveguide may be tapered at various sections or may be tapered along its entire length.

The ultrasonic waveguide may, for example, have a length substantially equal to an integral number of one-half system wavelengths (nλ/2). The ultrasonic waveguide and blade may be preferably fabricated from a solid core shaft constructed out of material, which propagates ultrasonic energy efficiently, such as titanium alloy (i.e., Ti-6Al-4V), aluminum alloys, sapphire, stainless steel or any other acoustically compatible material.

The ultrasonic waveguide may further include at least one radial hole or aperture extending therethrough, substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the waveguide. The aperture, which may be positioned at a node, is configured to receive a connector pin, which connects the waveguide to the handle assembly 120.

Referring to FIG. 2, illustration 200 shows a more detailed view of the end effector 130, including an example assembly having the blade instrument 205 and other components to comprise the sealing mechanism, according to some embodiments. Here, a blade 205 is shown coupled to the distal end of the end effector 130. The blade 205 may be configured to dissect tissue from a patient, such as tissue of a gallbladder so that it may be removed from the liver bed. As shown, the blade 205 is designed having a straight edge on only one side of the blade. The other side is shown to be flat and is enclosed by a flat, horse collar-shaped shielded portion 210, that is configured to shield the blade 205 and shield the other tissues from the blade 205, as well as double as a surface for coagulating or sealing tissue, which will be described more below. In other cases, the blade 205 may be curved or angled, and embodiments are not so limited. The blade 205 may be coupled to an ultrasonic waveguide within the end effector 130 and following through within the shaft 128, so that the blade 205 may be manipulated via ultrasonic vibrations, which will be described in more detail below. Of note, because the blade 205 is operated via ultrasonic vibrations, the horse collar shielded portion 210 is configured to be physically separated from the blade 205, to allow the blade 205 to operate without touching the shielded portion 210. As such, illustration 200 shows a space between the top of the blade 205 and the materials 215 and 220, coupled to the shielded portion 210.

The blade 205 may be integral with the waveguide and formed as a single unit, in some embodiments (see, e.g., FIG. 5). In some alternative embodiments, the blade 205 may be connected by a threaded connection, a welded joint, or other coupling mechanisms. The distal end of the blade 205 is disposed near an anti-node in order to tune the acoustic assembly to a preferred resonance frequency f₀ when the acoustic assembly is not loaded by tissue. When the ultrasonic transducer is energized, the distal end of blade 205 or blade tip is configured to move substantially longitudinally (along the x axis) in the range of, for example, approximately 10 to 500 microns peak-to-peak, and preferably in the range of about 20 to about 200 microns at a predetermined vibrational frequency f₀ of, for example, 55,500 Hz. The blade tip may also vibrate in the y axis at about 1 to about 10 percent of the motion in the x axis.

In some embodiments, the blade tip provides a functional asymmetry or curved portion for improved visibility at the blade tip so that a surgeon can verify that the blade 205 extends across the structure being cut or coagulated (see, e.g., FIG. 10A). This is especially important in verifying margins for large blood vessels. In some cases, the blade 205 may have portions that are curved. Certain shapes of the blade may provide for improved tissue access by more closely replicating the curvature of biological structures.

As shown, underneath the shielded portion 210 is a high friction surface 215, located in between the outer shielded portion 210 and the flat side of the blade 205. In some cases, the high friction surface 215 may extend all along the inner side of the shielded portion 210, spaced on the side above the blade 205 and along down to the base of the blade 205. An example material of the high friction surface may include polyimide. The end effector 130 may be designed such that blade 205 may be biased to touch the high friction surface 215 by pressing the shielded portion 210 against a tissue wall of the patient during the lap chole procedure. Due to the ultrasonic vibrations of the blade 205, the high friction surface 215 will heat up quickly. Due to the heat conduction properties of the surface 215 and the shielded portion 210, heat transfer to the shielded portion 210 will cause the shielded portion 210 to also heat up. The heat of the shielded portion 210 may be used to coagulate any bleeding tissue, such as any bleeding of the liver bed that may occur during the lap chole procedure.

For example, the surgeon may first begin dissection of the gallbladder using the blade 205. After experiencing some unwanted bleeding of the liver bed on the opposite side, the surgeon may press the shielded portion 210 against the bleeding wall of the liver bed. This will bias the blade 205 to be pressed against the high friction pad 215, causing the pad 215 and the shielded person portion 210 to heat up. The heat may be used to coagulate the bleeding portion of the liver bed. After a sufficient time, or after it is determined that the bleeding has stopped, the surgeon can stop pressing the shielded portion 210 against the liver bed and may continue with the dissection process.

In some embodiments, low friction surfaces 220 may also be installed within the horse collar sides of the shielded portion 210. These low friction surfaces 220 may serve as buffers to enable continued vibration of the blade 205, in the event that the blade 205 is shifted from side to side. An example material of the low friction surface may include polytetrafluoroethylene (e.g., Teflon®).

Referring to FIG. 3, illustration 300 shows another angle of the example end effector 130, including the blade and sealing assembly 132, from a different angle. As shown, the blade 205 is physically away from the high friction surface 215 and the low friction surfaces 220. The physical separation between the blade 205 and the sealing assembly, comprised of the horse collar shielded surface 210 and the high friction surface 215, may represent a default or natural state of the surgical instrument 105.

Referring to FIG. 4, illustration 400 shows an application of the end effector 130 when the blade 205 is configured to heat the shielded portion 210 for sealing tissue, according to some embodiments. Here, there is no space at location 410, in between the blade 205 and the high friction surface 215. This may be caused by the surgeon manipulating the surgical instrument 105 to cause the shielded portion 210 to be pressed against a bleeding tissue wall at the surgical site. As previously discussed, while the blade 205 is pressed against the high friction surface 215, the ultrasonic vibrations of the blade 205 may generate heat in the high friction surface 215, which may be transferred into the shielded portion 210. The heat generated in the shielded portion 210 may be used to coagulate bleeding tissue at the surgical site.

Referring to FIG. 5, illustration 500 shows additional details for how the ultrasonic vibration operation of the blade 205 is implemented, according to some embodiments. Here, the end effector 130 is made transparent to show the materials inside the tubing. In this example, the blade 205 is connected to a ultrasonic waveguide 505 that extends to the handle assembly 120, not shown (see FIG. 1). Connecting the ultrasonic waveguide 505 to the blade 205 is a harmonic fulcrum 510 that is touching the outer to of the end effector 130 at location 515. The harmonic fulcrum 510 may be calculated to be positioned a specific distance away from the handle assembly 122 take advantage of a specific frequency that the ultrasonic waveguide 505 is vibrated at. Specifically, ultrasonic vibrations of the ultrasonic waveguide 505 create a sinusoidal effect of the ultrasonic waveguide 505, much like a rope being shaken when held at one end. In other words, the ultrasonic vibrations can cause the ultrasonic waveguide 505 to vibrate like a standing wave. The ultrasonic fulcrum 510 is positioned at a node of the standing wave, which is of course based on the specific frequency of the ultrasonic vibrations. The ultrasonic fulcrum 510 being positioned at a node of the standing wave allows the blade 205 positioned beyond the fulcrum 510 to continue to vibrate unimpeded. In contrast, if the fulcrum 510 were placed at an anti-node according to the specific vibration frequency, any vibrations beyond the fulcrum 510 may be canceled out, thereby causing the blade 205 to cease to vibrate.

Referring to FIG. 6, illustration 600 shows a variation of the end effector 130 having a protective hood 605, according to some embodiments. As shown, the shielded surface 210 may also include a protective hood 605 that covers the front portion of the blade 205. The hood 605 may protect other tissues from getting caught near the blade 205 when the blade 205 is vibrating. In this way, the blade 205 is fully isolated from any unwanted contact against other tissue, other than the target tissue that is intended to be dissected.

Referring to FIG. 7, illustration 700 shows another variation of the end effector 130 having an indentation 705 to the shielded portion 210, according to some embodiments. Here, the indentation 705 is placed towards the base of the blade 205 to act like a hinge for the shielded portion 210 to bend. In this way, the shielded portion 210 can more easily touch the blade 205 when trying to employ the sealing mechanism through connecting the blade 205 with the high friction surface 215.

Referring to FIG. 8A, illustration 800 shows another variation of the end effector 130 having a sleeve mechanism for sliding the blade and sealing assembly into the end effector 130, according to some embodiments. In this case, the shielded portion 805 has a rounded shape that covers the top and parts of the side of the blade 205. In other cases, the shielded portion 805 can have different shapes, including the horse collar shape similar to the shielded portion 205, and embodiments are not so limited. Of note is the indent 810 then may be configured to allow the shielded portion 805 to bend when slid into the end effector 130. When the blade 205 and the shielded portion 805 are extended out of the end effector 130 in the distal direction, in some embodiments, the shielded portion 805 may be configured to naturally bend, Such that the high friction surface 215 and the shielded portion 805 extend upward and away from the blade 205. In some embodiments, the blade and sealing assembly may be pulled into the end effector 130 by a sliding mechanism, such as the sliding button 124 (see FIG. 1). The sliding button 124 may be mechanically connected to an ultrasonic waveguide inside the shaft 128 that connects to the blade and sealing assembly.

Referring to FIG. 8B, illustration 850 shows an example of how the blade and sealing assembly may be slid into the end effector 130, according to some embodiments. As shown, the blade and sealing assembly may be pulled back into the end effector 130 in direction A, e.g., by a sliding mechanism such as the sliding button 124 (see FIG. 1). When pulled back into the end effector 130, the blade 205 and the high friction surface 215 may be closed together and further encapsulated by the shielded portion 805, as shown. The enclosed position as shown herein may be used when entering the surgical site through a small incision in the patient. This may allow for the surgical instrument 105 to be more carefully placed into the patient, minimizing any possible damage caused by the blade 205.

Referring to FIG. 9, illustration 900 shows yet another variation of the sealing assembly, this time having multiple operational mechanical parts, according to some embodiments. As shown, a second shielded portion 905 has a similar horse collar characteristic to the shielded portion 205. The shielded portion 905 still includes a high friction surface 215 and low friction surfaces 220 positioned near the top of the blade 205. In addition, the shielded portion 905 is mechanically coupled to a stationary base 915 via a hinge 910. The base 915 may be part of a single piece formed with the blade 205, according to some embodiments. The hinge 910 may allow for the shielded portion 905 to pivot on top of the blade 205. As shown, the hinge 910 and the stationary base 915 are positioned within the tube portion of the end effector 130, where the end effector 130 shown herein is made transparent for illustration purposes.

Also included in this variation is a mechanism for guiding the movement of the shielded portion 905, via a mechanical chain link 920 that is connected to a slidable rod 925. In some embodiments, the slidable rod may extend through the shaft 128 (see FIG. 1) that is connected to a sliding mechanism, such as the sliding button 124, configured to be manipulated by the surgeon. That is, as the surgeon moves the sliding button 124 back-and-forth, the slidable rod 925 correspondingly moves. This causes the distal end of the slidable rod 925 to pull the chain link 920. Coupled with the leverage created by the shielded portion 905 being affixed to the hinge 910, the surgeon can in this manner, manipulate the shielded portion 905 to be pulled slightly away from the blade 205, as well as be connected to the blade 205. In this manner, the surgeon can control the surgical device 1052 operate in the dissecting mode or the sealing mode.

In some embodiments, a variation like the one shown in illustration 900 may also be capable of sliding into the end effector 130, while also being configured to manipulate the slidable rod 925. For example, the handle assembly 120 may include two slidable buttons (not shown), one used to manipulate the slidable rod 925, while the other is configured to slide the entire blade and sealing assembly into the end effector 130.

Referring to FIG. 10A, illustration 1000 shows yet another variation for a cutting and sealing assembly at the distal end of the shaft 128, according to some embodiments. Illustration 1000 features several different variations, each of which may be separately interchanged with other similarly functioning parts described herein, and embodiments are not so limited for example, illustration 1000 shows a different shaped blade having a pointed end 1002, a wider backside 1004, and a smooth lateral side 1006. The pointed end 1002 may be configured to dissect tissue, while the wider backside 1004 and smooth lateral side 1006 may be configured to coagulate tissue when the blade is heated. As shown, the blade may be connected to an ultrasonic waveguide 1008, the vast majority of which is enclosed by the shaft 128 (here shown transparently for illustration purposes).

The pointed end 1002 is commonly referred to as a functional asymmetry. That is, the blade (functionally, the blade provides a multitude of tissue effects) lies outside the longitudinal axis of waveguide 1008 (that is, asymmetrical with the longitudinal axis), and accordingly creates an imbalance in the ultrasonic waveguide. If the imbalance is not corrected, then undesirable heat, noise, and compromised tissue effect occur.

It is possible to minimize unwanted tip excursion in the y and z axes, and therefore maximize efficiency with improved tissue effect, by providing one or more balance asymmetries or balancing features proximal to the blade functional asymmetry.

Another variation shown in illustration 1000 includes another type of sealing mechanism comprised of a heating pad 1010 and a slidable lever 1012. As shown, the heating pad 1010 and the slidable lever 1012 are enclosed within the cylindrical tube of the shaft 128. The heating pad 1010 is connected to the slidable lever 1012 via a hinge 1014, as shown. At least part of the heating pad 1010 may include a high friction surface, similar to a material used for the high friction surface 215, that is configured to grip the ultrasonic waveguide 1008 to generate the heat when the blade and the ultrasonic waveguide 1008 are vibrated. The heating pad 1010 may be moved on to the ultrasonic waveguide 1008 by electromechanical means via a power button 1022, shown in the next figure, and similar to the button 122 in FIG. 1. In some embodiments, the distal end of the shaft 128 may be pulled back, or alternatively the waveguide 1008 and the sealing assembly comprising the heating pad 1010 and slidable lever 1012 may be configured to slide forward, thus exposing the heating pad 1010 for more maneuverability. In this way, the shaft 128 may act and be referred to as a sheath.

Referring to FIG. 10B, illustration 1020 shows additional features of the handle assembly 124 operating the electromechanical sealing mechanism described in illustration 1000, according to some embodiments. As previously discussed, the handle assembly 120 may include a power button 1022, that may be configured to operate a timed procedure for a controlled sealing operation, according to some embodiments. The power button 1022 may be interconnected with a series of mechanical and electrical parts that connects to the sealing assembly at the distal end of the end effector 130, via the slidable lever 1012. In some embodiments, additional buttons such as button 1024, may be configured to manipulate the sealing assembly without utilizing a timing procedure. These mechanisms will be described further in the following figures.

Referring to FIG. 10C, illustration 1040 provides one example of how the sealing assembly described in illustration 1000 may be utilized, according to some embodiments. Here, the blade described in illustration 1000 is turned on its side to provide a different perspective on the other features of the blade. Shown here is the wider backside 1004 of the blade, as well as the smooth lateral side 1006. In some embodiments, the opposite side is the same as the lateral side 1006. Not shown is the cylindrical tube of the end effector 130 in the shaft 128. In some cases, the blade and sealing assembly may be configured to be advanced beyond the sheath 128, e.g. by a sliding button 124. In other cases, the shaft 128 may be large enough to allow for the sealing assembly to move within the shaft 128.

As shown, the heating pad 1010 may include a groove or indentation 1042 that may allow for the heating pad 1010 touch more surface area of the ultrasonic waveguide 1008. In addition, in some embodiments, heating pad 1010 may include a high friction surface 1046, while in other cases, the entire heating pad 1010 may be composed of the high friction material used to make the high friction surface 1046. At a minimum, the area within and around the indentation 1042 may be comprised of the high friction material, such that the heating pad 1010 generates heat when touching the ultrasonic waveguide 1008 while it is vibrating. Thus, when the heating pad 1010 grips on to the ultrasonic waveguide 1008, heat from the heating pad 1010 is transferred to the ultrasonic waveguide 1008 and the blade affixed at the distal end of the ultrasonic waveguide 1008. The surgeon may then be able to apply the heat to a bleeding area via the wider backside 1004 and/or the smoother lateral surface 1006. The slidable lever 1012 may control movement of the heating pad 1010 by sliding back and forth in direction C. Control of the heating pad 1010 may be achieved based on the hinge 1044 than acts as a pivot point for the heating pad 1010.

Referring to FIG. 10D, illustration 1060 shows some of the inner workings of the power button 1022 and associated mechanical buttons 1024 for manipulating the sealing assembly described in illustration 1000, according to some embodiments. Here, the outer casing of the handle assembly 120 is not shown for illustration purposes, while normally the outer casing of the handle assembly 120 may enclose the backside and the front side of this assembly of buttons, as shown in illustration 1060 (see illustration 1020). In this example, a single power button 1022 is available and is configured to perform a timed operation for utilizing the sealing assembly. This may be achieved in part by pressing down on power button 1022, which is connected to activation sled 1064 and will be described in more detail with reference to later figures. Also, multiple mechanical buttons 1024 are present and spaced uniformly around the shaft 128, where pressing any one (or more) of the mechanical buttons 1024 may be configured to activate just the ultrasonic waveguide to vibrate the blade, without activating the heating functionality. To achieve this, each of the mechanical buttons 1024 is coupled to a cylindrical activation sled 1062, which is coupled to a single plunger that may push a button connected to the ultrasonic transducer, not shown. An example of the inner workings of these mechanisms will be described in more detail in the next figures.

Referring to FIG. 10E, illustration 1080 shows how the button assembly is ultimately connected to the sealing and blade assemblies at the distal end of the shaft 128, according to some embodiments. As previously discussed, the button assembly including the buttons 1022 and 1024 are connected to the sealing and blade assemblies, respectively, via the slidable lever 1012 and the waveguide 1008, respectively, inside the shaft 128. In some embodiments, pressing any of the mechanical buttons 1024 spaced around the button assembly (only one is labeled in FIG. 10E as an example) activates the waveguide 1008 via the circular activation sled 1062 to cause the blade to vibrate, while pressing on the power button 1022 activates the sealing assembly in a timed operation via the activation sled 1064. In some cases, the power button 1022 may be delineated from the other buttons 1024 in various ways, including having a different color, a different shape, a different grip, and so on.

Referring to FIG. 10F, illustration 1090 shows a portion of the mechanical and electrical components of the button assembly used to control the sealing and blade assemblies, according to some embodiments. Here, the button assembly is cut in half for illustration purposes, to show portions of the various mechanical and electrical components used to provide interaction between the button 1022 to the slidable lever 1012 and the button 1024 the waveguide 1008. The surfaces of the mechanical and electrical components of illustration 1090 that have shades or designs represent locations where the components are cut in half.

As shown, the power button 1022 rests on top of the button assembly. When a surgeon presses down on the button, the button 1022 pushes down on a sloped portion of the activation sled 1064, which is also shown previously in FIGS. 10D and 10E. The downward movement of the power button 1022 causes the sloped portion of the activation sled 1064 to slide the activation sled 1064 proximally toward the surgeon. At the distal end of the activation sled 1064 is a hook that attaches to the slidable lever 1012. Thus, as the activation sled 1064 moves proximal toward the surgeon, the slidable lever 1012 is correspondingly pulled proximally. The pulling motion of the slidable lever 1012 causes the heating pad 1010 to clamp down on the ultrasonic waveguide 1008 (see illustration 1040). Thus, pressing down on the power button 1022 causes the heating pad 1010 to clamp down on the ultrasonic waveguide 1008 in order to heat up the blade at the distal end.

Simultaneously, at the proximal end of the activation sled 1064 is an activation magnet 1094. As the activation sled 1064 slides proximally, the activation magnet 1094 is moved closer to a Hall effect sensor 1096. When sufficiently close, the activation magnet 1094 may activate through the Hall effect sensor 1096 a timing program built into the memory of a circuitboard 1098. The timing program may be configured to deactivate power to the blade to stop it from vibrating. For example, when the timing program in the circuitboard 1098 is triggered, power to apply ultrasonic vibrations to the blade may be automatically halted after five seconds, even if the surgeon tries to continue to apply power, e.g., by pressing on the foot pedal 112 (see FIG. 1) or pressing on any of the buttons 1024 (see below for more details). In this way, pressing on the power button 1022 initiates a tissue sealing procedure that applies heat for only a fixed amount of time, in order to safely control the sealing assembly.

In some embodiments, the mechanical buttons 1024 may offer additional an alternative mechanism for controlling the ultrasonic vibrations of the blade. Here, an example button 1024 is located at the bottom of the button assembly, and is connected to its own activation sled 1062, which is also previously shown in FIGS. 10D and 10E. The activation sled 1062 is connected to a plunger 1095. In some cases, the activation sled 1062 and the plunger 1095 may be molded together as a single piece (e.g., single piece of polycarbonate). In general, as the button 1024 is pressed, the sloped part of the activation sled 1062 touches the button 1024 and causes the activation sled 1062 to slide proximally toward the surgeon. This in turn moves the plunger 1095 to slide proximally toward the surgeon as well. The plunger 1095 then pushes an activation button or switch 1097, which is configured to activate the ultrasonic transducer, not shown. Activating the ultrasonic transducer causes the waveguide 1008 to vibrate, which vibrates the blade at the distal end of the shaft 128. The transducer may be coupled to the proximal end of the waveguide 1008, fitting into the open space 1099, in some embodiments.

As previously mentioned, the activation sled 1062 may be cylindrically constructed such that the activation sled 1062 wraps all the way around within the button assembly, all of which ultimately connect to the plunger 1095. Thus, pressing any of the mechanical buttons 1024 cylindrically positioned all around the button assembly can cause the activation sled 1062 to slide proximally and push the plunger 1095 into the activation button 1097. In this way, the surgeon can control both the vibrations of the blade and the sealing assembly using the button assembly within the handle assembly 120. In some embodiments, to distinguish the buttons, the power button 1022 may be simply colored differently or grooved differently, and embodiments are not so limited.

Referring to FIG. 11A, illustration 1100 shows yet another variation of the blade and sealing assembly, this time including a rotatable sealing assembly, according to some embodiments. As shown, a rotatable sealing assembly 1105 is position cylindrically within the end effector 130 and includes a long strip of the high friction material, extendable in-line with the blade 205. The sealing assembly 1105 may be rotated via a rotational knob, such as the rotating knob 126 (see FIG. 1). Thus, by manipulating the rotating knob 126, the sealing assembly 1105 can be rotated around the blade 205, as shown in illustration 1150 of FIG. 11B, e.g., in rotational direction D. In this way, the high friction material may be rotatable to touch either the backend of the blade 205 that is flatter and broader, or the pointed edge of blade 205 itself. These two options may allow for changing degrees of heat to be achieved in the sealing assembly. For example, in illustration 1150, pressing the backend of the blade 205 against the high friction surface of the sealing assembly 1105 may create more heat because more surface of the blade 205 would be touching the high fiction surface. In contrast, if just the edge of the blade 205 touches the high friction surface in the sealing assembly 1105, as shown in illustration 1100, a lower degree of heat would be generated, or at least the rate of heat transfer would be slower in this configuration. In some embodiments, the sealing assembly 1105 may also include other materials, such as materials for enclosing the high friction surface in a shielded portion similar to the horse collar or cylindrical shielded portions described in the previous figures, and embodiments are not so limited.

Referring to FIG. 12A, illustration 1200 shows yet another variation of the blade and sealing assembly, this time including a rotating cam mechanism that applies the high friction surface 215 to the blade 205 in a rotational manner that does not require bending or pressing of the blade 205, according to some embodiments. As shown, a rotating member 1202 is coupled to a shielding member 1204 that includes the high friction surface 215, and in some embodiments, the low friction surface 220. In illustration 1200, the rotating member 1202 is configured in the “open” position, whereby the shielding member 1204 is rotated away from the blade 205.

The rotating member 1202 is housed within a stationary body 1208. The stationary body 1208 is shaped cylindrically so as to efficiently connect to the shaft 128 as well as slide into a trocar, although other embodiments may not be shaped cylindrically. The rotating member 1202 is configured to be rotated via a rotating innertube 1206 that is connected through the shaft 128 to a rotating knob, such as rotating knob 126 (see FIG. 1.).

Referring to FIG. 12B, illustration 1210 shows a transparent review of the stationary body 1208 and some of the mechanical parts used to connect with the rotating member 1202, according to some embodiments. As shown, the distal end of the rotating innertube 1206 slides into the proximal end of the stationary body 1208. The rotating innertube 1206 includes a sliding cam 1212 that allows a knob 1222 fastened to the rotating member 1202 to be fit into (see FIG. F12C, described below). Also shown is a stationary axle 1214 that acts as a pivot axis for the rotating member 1202. The stationary axle 1214 is affixed to the stationary body 1208 via anchor 1216, while the cam 1212 is installed into the rotating innertube 1206. Also shown is the base of the blade 205 for reference as to how the blade and the ceiling assembly maybe positioned.

Referring to FIG. 12C, illustration 1220 shows a transparent view of the rotating body 1202, according to some embodiments. As shown, the proximal end of the rotating body 1202 is shaped like a portion of a cylinder so that the rotating body 1202 may fit into the cylindrical end effector. The shielded portion 1204 is connected to the rotating body 1202 as shown. In some embodiments, the rotating body 1202 and the shielded portion 12 four may be formed as a single piece, e.g., single piece of molded plastic or molded metal. The proximal end of the rotating body includes a knob 1222 that may be fit into the cam 1212, as previously discussed. The axle 1214 is also shown in illustration 1220, and essentially the axle 1214 shows how the rotating body 1202 links with the rotating innertube 1206 and the stationary body 1208. Thus, the rotating body 1202 may rotate via the axle 1214 acting as a pivot axis, and may be moved via the knob 1222 connected to the cam 1212 being rotated by the rotating innertube 1206. Because the cam 1212 is designed with a straight edge and the axle 1214 is located off the center of the rotating innertube 1206, rotation of the rotating innertube 1206 will cause the knob 1222 to shift on a different rotational axis than the rotating innertube 1206.

To illustrate this motion, referring to FIG. 12D, illustration 1230 shows the original open position of the rotating body 1202. In contrast with FIG. 12E, illustration 1240 shows what happens when the rotating innertube 1206 is rotated in the direction E. That is, the shielded portion 1204 translates down and also rotates counterclockwise until it touches the blade 205. The rotating body 1202 also translates and rotates into a “closed” position, where the rotating body 1202 is calibrated to fit nicely into the cylindrical shape of the stationary body 1208. In some embodiments, the closed position is how the blade and sealing assembly is positioned when entering the trocar, before entering the patient. Accordingly, if the blade and sealing assembly were positioned in the open position, the end effector may not fit into the cylindrical trocar, dust serving as a safety mechanism to ensure that the blade and sealing assembly begins in a closed position.

Referring to FIGS. 12F, 12G, and 12H, illustrations 1250, 1260, and 1270, respectively, show additional views of the blade and sealing assembly having the rotating member variation, according to some embodiments. The additional views herein provide greater context to how the rotating member 1202 is positioned in comparison to the other components. For example, illustration 1250 also shows the harmonic fulcrum 510 connected to the stationary body 1208 at the node location 515. Illustration 1260 provide the same perspective as illustration 1250, but with the rotating member 1202 in the open position. Illustration 1270 shows a closer view of a reverse angle of the rotating member 1202 and the shielded portion 1204.

In some cases, various embodiments may be implemented as an article of manufacture. The article of manufacture may include a computer readable storage medium arranged to store logic, instructions and/or data for performing various operations of one or more embodiments. In various embodiments, for example, the article of manufacture may comprise a magnetic disk, optical disk, flash memory or firmware containing computer program instructions suitable for execution by a general purpose processor or application specific processor. The embodiments, however, are not limited in this context.

The functions of the various functional elements, logical blocks, modules, and circuits elements described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented in the general context of computer executable instructions, such as software, control modules, logic, and/or logic modules executed by the processing unit. Generally, software, control modules, logic, and/or logic modules comprise any software element arranged to perform particular operations. Software, control modules, logic, and/or logic modules can comprise routines, programs, objects, components, data structures and the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. An implementation of the software, control modules, logic, and/or logic modules and techniques may be stored on and/or transmitted across some form of computer-readable media. In this regard, computer-readable media can be any available medium or media useable to store information and accessible by a computing device. Some embodiments also may be practiced in distributed computing environments where operations are performed by one or more remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, software, control modules, logic, and/or logic modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices.

Additionally, it is to be appreciated that the embodiments described herein illustrate example implementations, and that the functional elements, logical blocks, modules, and circuits elements may be implemented in various other ways which are consistent with the described embodiments. Furthermore, the operations performed by such functional elements, logical blocks, modules, and circuits elements may be combined and/or separated for a given implementation and may be performed by a greater number or fewer number of components or modules. As will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading the present disclosure, each of the individual embodiments described and illustrated herein has discrete components and features which may be readily separated from or combined with the features of any of the other several aspects without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Any recited method can be carried out in the order of events recited or in any other order which is logically possible.

Unless specifically stated otherwise, it may be appreciated that terms such as “processing,” “computing,” “calculating,” “determining,” or the like, refer to the action and/or processes of a computer or computing system, or similar electronic computing device, such as a general purpose processor, a DSP, ASIC, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein that manipulates and/or transforms data represented as physical quantities (e.g., electronic) within registers and/or memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the memories, registers or other such information storage, transmission or display devices.

It is worthy to note that some embodiments may be described using the expression “coupled” and “connected” along with their derivatives. These terms are not intended as synonyms for each other. For example, some embodiments may be described using the terms “connected” and/or “coupled” to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact with each other. The term “coupled,” however, also may mean that two or more elements are not in direct contact with each other, but yet still co-operate or interact with each other. With respect to software elements, for example, the term “coupled” may refer to interfaces, message interfaces, and application program interface (API), exchanging messages, and so forth.

The devices disclosed herein can be designed to be disposed of after a single use, or they can be designed to be used multiple times. In either case, however, the device can be reconditioned for reuse after at least one use. Reconditioning can include any combination of the steps of disassembly of the device, followed by cleaning or replacement of particular pieces, and subsequent reassembly. In particular, the device can be disassembled, and any number of the particular pieces or parts of the device can be selectively replaced or removed in any combination. Upon cleaning and/or replacement of particular parts, the device can be reassembled for subsequent use either at a reconditioning facility, or by a surgical team immediately prior to a surgical procedure. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that reconditioning of a device can utilize a variety of techniques for disassembly, cleaning/replacement, and reassembly. Use of such techniques, and the resulting reconditioned device, are all within the scope of the present application.

Although various embodiments have been described herein, many modifications, variations, substitutions, changes, and equivalents to those embodiments may be implemented and will occur to those skilled in the art. Also, where materials are disclosed for certain components, other materials may be used. It is therefore to be understood that the foregoing description and the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and variations as falling within the scope of the disclosed embodiments. The following claims are intended to cover all such modification and variations. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. An end effector, comprising: a blade comprising a cutting edge, wherein the cutting edge comprises a straight edge configured to dissect and coagulate tissue, wherein the blade further comprises a back edge, wherein the back edge comprises a flat side, wherein the back edge of the blade is positioned opposite to the cutting edge of the blade, and wherein the blade is configured to couple to an ultrasonic waveguide and configured to vibrate at an ultrasonic frequency to produce ultrasonic vibrations that dissect and coagulate the tissue; a shielded portion enclosing the back edge of the blade, wherein the shielded portion is configured to partially surround at least one lateral edge of the blade; and a high-friction surface coupled to the shielded portion and positioned between the shielded portion and the back edge of the blade, wherein a space is defined between the high-friction surface and the back edge of the blade when the end effector is configured into a dissecting configuration; wherein, when the end effector is configured into a sealing configuration, the high-friction surface contacts the back edge of the blade and is configured to generate heat by frictionally coupling the ultrasonic vibrations of the blade to the high-friction surface, and wherein the shielded portion is configured to directly contact the tissue to coagulate the tissue by coupling heat from the high-friction surface to the tissue.
 2. The end effector of claim 1, further comprising at least one low-friction surface coupled to the shielded portion and positioned alongside the at least one lateral edge of the blade, the low-friction surface configured to permit the ultrasonic vibrations of the blade upon contacting the low-friction surface based on a lateral movement of the blade.
 3. The end effector of claim 1, further comprising a shaft including a fulcrum component, wherein the ultrasonic waveguide is positioned within the shaft, and wherein the fulcrum component is configured to couple to the ultrasonic waveguide positioned within the shaft.
 4. The end effector of claim 3, wherein the fulcrum component is positioned at a node based on a frequency of the ultrasonic vibrations.
 5. The end effector of claim 1, further comprising a protective hood coupled to the shielded portion and covering at least a portion of a distal end of the blade.
 6. The end effector of claim 1, further comprising an indentation grooved into a proximal end of the shielded portion and configured to flexibly enable the shielded portion to bend upon applying a force against a side of the shielded portion opposite the position of the blade.
 7. The end effector of claim 1, further comprising a sliding mechanism configured to slide the shielded portion and the blade in and out of the end effector.
 8. The end effector of claim 1, wherein the shielded portion is further configured to rotate around the blade such that the high-friction surface is configured to touch the back edge of the blade in a first rotational configuration and the high-friction surface is configured to touch the cutting edge of the blade in a second rotational configuration. 